CHAPTER I
ANTECEDENT
A.
Background
In our daily life, we always communicate
using a language. In communicating, we use question word to deliver or express
what we want to say to the interlocutor. The words are then summarized into
phrases, clauses and sentences and finally being called as interrogative
sentence. Besides verbal way, we also communicate in written, such as used in
the mass media. In mass media contained some sentence types used in written
language including interrogative sentence. Interrogative sentence will not
Appear if there is no question words. Because, word is the main subject rather
than interrogative sentence although it's just one word. If there is no
question word in a sentence, then the sentence is not an interrogative sentence
but it will be a news or phrase sentence. Therefore, question word is importan
if we want to know or ask something.
B.
Problem
Formulation
a.
What is Asking Question and Short
Message?
b.
What are the types of Asking Question
and Short Message?
c.
What is the example of Asking Question
and Short Message?
d.
How to make Asking Question and Short
Message?
CHAPTER II
SOLUTION
A.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT QUESTIONS
There are two types of questions in English language:
1.
Direct questions
Are used to try to get information. When we write
a direct question, we
always end the sentence with a question mark ( ? ). The
question mark signals to the reader that the sentence is a question.
Examples:
Where
is the bathroom?
Do
you want to drink water?
When
will she be here?
What
is your name?
Your
name is Mike, isn't it?
How
do you open this door?
There are four main categories of direct questions, depending
on the kind of answer you expect:
a.
Yes/No questions
To form a direct questions with a yes or no answer, we
use auxiliary verbs, which are also called helping verbs. An auxiliary (or helping verb) is
a verb that is used together with another verb to express the action or state.
Main
verb + auxiliary verb = complete idea
For
example:
is + working = is working =
the full idea of the verb
Incorrect: Lisa
working now.
Correct: Lisa is working
now.
In questions, the
auxiliary verb is placed before the subject of a sentence.
These are a few common auxiliary verbs:
have
has
can
is
was
does
do
did
are
A Yes/No question is written in this form:
Auxiliary
verb + subject + main verb
Examples:
Did Sarah sleep?
Did Sarah sleep?
Do you cook?
Was she running?
Have you seen the
dog?
b.
WH Questions
WH questions allow a wide range of answers. These types of questions
begin with question words such as:
what
why
where
how
when
who
which
We use
an auxiliary or helping verb after the
WH words what, why, where,how and when.
Examples:
Where is the bathroom?
Where is the bathroom?
What is your name?
Who is the man next to
you?
Why did she leave so
early?
How are you feeling
today?
Do not use an auxiliary after who, which or what if they are
the subject of the
sentence.
Examples:
Who called you?
Who called you?
Which man
is your father?
What day
is the party?
c.
Alternative Questions
Alternative questions
require an answer chosen from the options given in the question. These types of
questions always contain the connecting word “or”.
Examples:
Do you like the ocean or the mountains?
Do you like the ocean or the mountains?
Will
you be driving your car or riding the bus?
Would
you like to eat pizza or hamburgers?
Did
you buy the blue ball or the red ball?
d.
Tag Questions
A tag question is a
statement followed by a short question. Tag questions are very common in the
English language and are used to ask if you agree with the statement.
Tag questions are written in this form:
statement + tag + ?
Examples:
You like hamburgers, don't you?
You like hamburgers, don't you?
She
has brown hair, doesn't she?
Her
name is Rose, isn't it?
This
is a pig, right?
2.
Indirect questions
Are also used to try to
get information, but are a polite and longer form of direct questions. They are
sometimes used as a statement and written with a period instead of a question
mark.
Examples:
Mom
wants to know if you are hungry.
Could
you tell me where the bathroom is, please?
Do
you know what her name is?
I
was wondering if you knew the population of this city.
Can
you tell me where you live?
Indirect questions are
also used to try to get information. However, we use indirect questions if we
want to ask a more personal or formal question.
Indirect questions are more polite than
direct questions.
Indirect questions can start with introductory phrases such
as these:
Can
you tell me . . .
Could
you tell me . . .
I
would be interested to hear . . .
I
would like to know . . .
Would
you mind telling me . . .
I
wonder . . .
When forming an
indirect question, use an introductory phrase followed by about,
a WH word or if. Then add the subject and the rest
of the sentence.
Introductory phrase + question
word (WH word, about or if) + positive sentence
We do not need to
use an auxiliary verb.
Examples: (Direct =>
Indirect)
Correct: Where is the bathroom? => Can you tell
me where the bathroom is located?
Incorrect: Can
you tell me where is the bathroom located?
Correct: When does the next bus arrive? => Do you
know when the next bus arrives?
Incorrect: Do you know when does the next bus
arrives?
Correct: What is his name? => Would you mind telling me
his name?
Incorrect: Would you mind telling me do you know
his name?
Indirect questions can
also be said in the form of a statement. These types of indirect questions are
used to try to get information and end with aperiod.
Examples: (Direct =>
Indirect)
1)
Do you like chocolate? => I would
like to know if you like chocolate.
2)
What do you like about your job? => I
wonder if you could tell me what you like about your job.
3)
Where is your home? => I can't
remember the address of your home.
B.
SHORT
MESSAGE
Short Message is used to convey
something to others that the person is doing or not doing something because we
can not meet directly to the people we will give the message.
Short Message should give in formations
about :
a.
Receiver
b.
Content
c.
Sender
There
are 2 kinds of short message :
a.
Written message
b.
Electric message
Examples:
Dear
Ratna,
Hi,
where are you? I came to your class to return your pen just now, but you were
not in. So I put your pencil on your table.
Thanks
for it.
Bella
To
: Beti
I’m
sorry I can’t come to your house to do our English task this afternoon. I must
take my mother to the doctor because she has a headache. What if we do it
tomorrow?
Dona
In short message, we usually shorten a
word or phrase. When we
abbreviate a word or phrase, we shorten it. Abbreviations can be formed from
the first letters of the word or phrase. In such cases, we normally say them by
spelling out each letter:
|
PC
|
personal computer
|
|
WHO
|
World Health Organisation
|
For some written
abbreviations, individual letters or sounds from the word are used, although
the word is always said in full:
|
full form
|
written abbreviation
|
|
Doctor
|
Dr
|
|
for
example
|
e.g.
(from the Latin equivalent: exempli
gratia)
|
|
Gaze
Limited
|
Gaze
Ltd (Limited refers
to a company)
|
|
Mister
|
Mr
|
|
ounces
|
oz
|
|
Street
|
St
|
|
page
38
|
p.
38
|
|
5
kilometres
|
5
km
|
Abbreviations are
also formed by omitting one or more syllables from a word. This is sometimes
called ‘clipping’, because we keep the beginning of the word and ‘clip’ the
rest of the word. The abbreviations here are written and spoken in this form:
|
full
form
|
abbreviation
|
|
advertisement
|
advert;
ad
|
|
decaffeinated
|
decaf
|
|
examination
|
exam
|
|
memorandum
|
memo
|
|
photograph
|
photo
|
Clipping is common
when we use personal names:
|
FULL
FORM
|
ABBREVIATION
|
|
Timothy
|
Tim
|
|
Frederick
|
Fred
|
|
Pamela
|
Pam
|
|
Rajiv
|
Raj
|
Besides that, we
also use initial in a short message. Initial is the first letter of a word. We
often use initials to refer to the names of countries and organisations:
USA United States of America
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
Initials also refer
to the first letters of people’s first names. When we fill in forms, we are sometimes
asked to state our surname and initials. When we refer to ourselves using
initials, it is more formal:
J. Adams, lawyer (formal)
John Adams, lawyer (less formal)
Sometimes first
names are in full, and middle names are included as initials. This is also a
formal use. It is particularly common in American English:
Robert B. Davidson
And also, we use
acronyms when we make a short message. Acronyms are words which are formed from
the first letters of other words, and which are pronounced as full words.
Examples of acronyms:
NATO /ˈneɪtəʊ/ North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
scuba /ˈsku:bə/ self-contained
underwater breathing apparatus
radar /ˈreɪdɑ(r)/ radio detection and ranging
SATs /sæts/ standard
attainment tests (tests
taken by schoolchildren in the UK)
Newer acronyms are
written with capital letters:
Jodie’s got her SATs next
week – she’s a bit nervous.
Where the acronym
has existed for a long time and become fully established in the language, it is
written with small letters (or with one capital letter if it is at the
beginning of a sentence):
The ship’s radar had
been destroyed in battle.
Radar was
one of the most important inventions of the twentieth century.
We went scuba-diving
in Australia.
Some acronyms are
pronounced as a combination of letters and syllables:
She sent me a jpeg file
with a photo of her wedding. (joint
photographic experts group /ˈdʒeɪpeg/)
You can buy the dictionary on CD-ROM.
(compact disc read-only memory; pronounced /si: di: ˈrɒm/)
We use some acronyms in the plural or possessive:
Are the pictures on your memory stick jpegs or
bitmaps?
NATO’s foreign
policy has been criticised recently.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
A.
Conclusion
We use question word to communicate each
other and to expres our ideas by asking it to the interlocutors. Asking
question can be divided into two types, direct question and indirect question.
The other way to communicate in writing langguage is by using short message.
Short message can shorten our time in communicating.
B.
Suggestion
Hopefully with existence of
this handing out can assist and add science to reading [it] and if there [is]
mistake in this handing out [so that/ to be] earning [in] equiping so that
handing out [is] better.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Betty Schrampfer Azar and Stacy Hagen (2009) Understanding
and Using English Grammar (4th ed.). Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0132333337.
Betty S. Azar and Stacy Hagen (2011).Fundamentals of English
Grammar Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0137071692.
Betty Schrampfer Azar and Stacy Hagen (2014) Basic English
Grammar(4th ed.). Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0132942249.
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